{"id":2687,"date":"2026-05-10T17:33:31","date_gmt":"2026-05-10T15:33:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shoahkrakow.uj.edu.pl\/?p=2687"},"modified":"2026-08-31T15:47:19","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T13:47:19","slug":"blackmailers-and-shmaltzovniks-under-the-law-in-occupied-cracow","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shoahkrakow.uj.edu.pl\/en\/artykuly\/blackmailers-and-shmaltzovniks-under-the-law-in-occupied-cracow\/","title":{"rendered":"Blackmailers and Shmaltzovniks under the Law in Occupied Cracow"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1365px;margin-left: calc(-5% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-5% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.375%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.375%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.375%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.375%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:2.375%;--awb-spacing-left-small:2.375%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p><span id=\"t9_1\" class=\"t s6_1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/shoahkrakow.uj.edu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/5_Jarkowska_Prace-Historyczne_151-4_2024-6.pdf\">Blackmailers and Shmaltzovniks under the Law in Occupied Cracow<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p>Alicja Jarkowska's article, \"Blackmailers and Shmaltzovniks under the Law in Occupied Cracow,\" provides a scholarly analysis of blackmail and szmalcownictwo in occupied Krak\u00f3w between 1939 and 1946. <\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);\">The study is based on criminal case files, police documents, and postwar witness testimonies. The author examines the specific nature of crime in Krak\u00f3w at the time, analyzing individual cases of blackmailers\u2014including Maria Jawu\u0142owa, Helena Loho, and Tadeusz Pawlus\u2014who were prosecuted for their actions. The article discusses the extortion of money from Jews in hiding and from Poles who assisted them. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);\">The study categorizes the methods employed by the perpetrators, considering whether they operated alone or in groups, as well as whether their actions were planned or spontaneous. An important aspect of the publication is its identification of the distinctive characteristics of szmalcownictwo in Krak\u00f3w in comparison with Warsaw. The author argues that these differences stemmed from the city's Galician heritage and the more widespread knowledge of German, which enabled Krak\u00f3w's inhabitants to adapt more quickly to the realities of wartime. Krak\u00f3w's status as the capital of the General Government was also of crucial importance, resulting in an influx of German officials and an exceptionally high concentration of police and military forces. The article also distinguishes between the legal aspects of the phenomena discussed. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);\">The author points out that while blackmail itself was a criminal offense defined in the prewar 1932 Penal Code and punishable by up to two years' imprisonment, szmalcownictwo targeting Jews who had been deprived of any legal protection was not considered a crime by the occupation authorities.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2687","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-artykuly"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/shoahkrakow.uj.edu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2687"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/shoahkrakow.uj.edu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/shoahkrakow.uj.edu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shoahkrakow.uj.edu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shoahkrakow.uj.edu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2687"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/shoahkrakow.uj.edu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2687\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2727,"href":"https:\/\/shoahkrakow.uj.edu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2687\/revisions\/2727"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/shoahkrakow.uj.edu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2687"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shoahkrakow.uj.edu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2687"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shoahkrakow.uj.edu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2687"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}